Electrical Power and Energy Course

Lesson 1 • Electric Power and Energy Definitions

Distinguishes instantaneous power, average power, and energy consumption. Connects these definitions to billing, efficiency ratings, and equipment sizing.

Lesson 2 • Ohm's Law and Basic Circuits

Applies Ohm's law to series, parallel, and combined circuits. Provides the analytical foundation for load analysis and fault current estimation.

Lesson 3 • Kirchhoff's Laws and Network Analysis

Introduces KVL and KCL for multi-loop circuit solving. Enables systematic analysis of complex distribution networks encountered in later chapters.

Lesson 1 • Impedance of R, L, and C Elements

Derives impedance expressions for resistors, inductors, and capacitors in AC circuits. Enables calculation of voltage-current relationships in reactive power equipment.

Lesson 2 • Sinusoidal Waveforms and Parameters

Characterises AC signals by amplitude, frequency, period, and phase angle. These parameters define the operating conditions of all AC power equipment.

Lesson 3 • AC Power: Real, Reactive, and Apparent

Defines real power (W), reactive power (VAR), and apparent power (VA) using phasor relationships. Directly supports power factor analysis and utility billing concepts.

Lesson 4 • Power Factor and Correction Techniques

Analyses the impact of lagging and leading power factor on system efficiency. Introduces capacitor bank sizing for power factor correction in industrial loads.

Lesson 1 • Three-Phase Power Calculations

Computes total real, reactive, and apparent power in balanced three-phase systems. Connects to generator rating and feeder sizing covered in later chapters.

Lesson 2 • Wye and Delta Configurations

Derives voltage and current relationships for wye and delta source and load connections. Provides the basis for transformer winding analysis in the next chapter.

Lesson 3 • Unbalanced Three-Phase Systems

Analyses voltage and current under unbalanced load conditions using mesh and node methods. Prepares students for fault analysis and protection coordination topics.

Lesson 4 • Three-Phase System Fundamentals

Explains why three-phase systems dominate power transmission and distribution. Establishes phase sequence, balanced conditions, and neutral conductor roles.

Lesson 1 • Transformer Testing and Performance

Conducts open-circuit and short-circuit tests to determine equivalent circuit parameters. Validates nameplate ratings and predicts efficiency at various load levels.

Lesson 2 • Three-Phase Transformer Connections

Examines wye-wye, delta-delta, wye-delta, and delta-wye configurations and their phase shifts. Supports substation design and harmonic management discussed in later chapters.

Lesson 3 • Ideal Transformer Model

Derives turns ratio relationships for voltage, current, and impedance transformation. Provides the simplified model used for quick sizing and ratio calculations.

Lesson 4 • Magnetic Circuits and Faraday's Law

Analyses magnetic flux, MMF, and reluctance in transformer cores. Establishes the electromagnetic basis for voltage transformation and core loss estimation.

Lesson 1 • Induction Motor Principles

Derives slip, rotor frequency, and torque from the rotating magnetic field concept. Provides the analytical tools for motor selection and energy efficiency assessment.

Lesson 2 • Synchronous Machines

Analyses synchronous generator and motor operation using the phasor diagram method. Connects to grid synchronisation and reactive power dispatch covered in later chapters.

Lesson 3 • Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Explains force, torque, and energy relationships in electromagnetic devices. Establishes the physical basis for all rotating machine analysis in this chapter.

Lesson 4 • DC Machines: Operation and Control

Models separately excited, shunt, and series DC machines using equivalent circuits. Covers speed-torque characteristics and basic armature voltage control methods.

Lesson 1 • Transmission Line Parameters

Derives resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance per unit length for overhead lines. These parameters feed directly into line models used for power flow analysis.

Lesson 2 • Power Flow Fundamentals

Introduces real and reactive power flow equations for two-bus and multi-bus systems. Provides the conceptual basis for load flow studies and contingency analysis.

Lesson 3 • Transmission Line Models

Applies short, medium, and long line models to calculate sending and receiving end quantities. Selects the appropriate model based on line length and frequency.

Lesson 4 • Distribution System Design

Covers radial, loop, and network distribution topologies and their reliability trade-offs. Guides feeder sizing, voltage drop limits, and sectionalising device placement.

Lesson 1 • Unsymmetrical Fault Calculations

Applies sequence network interconnections to compute fault currents for SLG, LL, and DLG faults. Validates relay settings and ground grid design requirements.

Lesson 2 • Symmetrical Fault Analysis

Calculates three-phase bolted fault currents using Thevenin equivalent and per-unit methods. Results determine interrupting ratings for circuit breakers and fuses.

Lesson 3 • Protective Relays and Coordination

Covers overcurrent, distance, and differential relay operating principles and time-current curves. Coordinates relay settings to achieve selectivity and minimise outage zones.

Lesson 4 • Symmetrical Components Method

Decomposes unbalanced phasors into positive, negative, and zero sequence components. Enables analytical treatment of single-line-to-ground and line-to-line faults.

Lesson 1 • Voltage Stability and Collapse

Analyses P-V and Q-V curves to identify voltage collapse proximity and weak buses. Guides reactive compensation placement and load shedding scheme design.

Lesson 2 • Steady-State Stability and Power Angle

Derives the power-angle curve and steady-state stability limit for synchronous machines. Establishes the operating margin concept used in transmission planning.

Lesson 3 • Automatic Generation Control

Explains governor droop, load frequency control, and area control error in interconnected grids. Enables students to tune AGC parameters for frequency regulation.

Lesson 4 • Reactive Power and Voltage Control

Covers AVR operation, tap-changing transformers, and shunt compensation for voltage regulation. Integrates control strategies with stability margins analysed earlier.