Electrical Stimulation Course

Lesson 1 • Safety Principles and Contraindications

Identifies absolute and relative contraindications and tissue damage thresholds. Establishes a safety-first mindset before any hands-on application begins.

Lesson 2 • Bioelectrical Principles and Tissue Response

Covers membrane potentials, ion channel dynamics, and action potential propagation. Grounds all subsequent clinical reasoning in cellular-level electrical behaviour.

Lesson 3 • Key Electrical Parameters Defined

Defines amplitude, pulse duration, frequency, and duty cycle with clinical context. Provides the parameter vocabulary used throughout the entire course.

Lesson 4 • Physiological Effects on Muscle and Nerve

Explains motor, sensory, and nociceptive nerve recruitment hierarchies. Links parameter choices to predictable physiological outcomes in clinical practice.

Lesson 1 • Electrode Types, Materials, and Sizing

Compares carbon rubber, self-adhesive, and specialty electrodes by conductivity and clinical fit. Correct electrode choice directly affects current distribution and patient comfort.

Lesson 2 • Cables, Leads, and Circuit Integrity

Explains lead wire configurations, polarity markings, and circuit continuity checks. Faulty circuits are a leading cause of ineffective or unsafe treatment delivery.

Lesson 3 • Device Controls and Interface Navigation

Trains systematic use of device panels, digital interfaces, and preset programmes. Reduces setup errors and builds procedural fluency before clinical application.

Lesson 4 • Equipment Maintenance and Calibration

Covers cleaning protocols, output accuracy verification, and maintenance schedules. Ensures devices perform within manufacturer specifications throughout their service life.

Lesson 1 • Motor Point and Trigger Point Targeting

Identifies motor points and myofascial trigger points using anatomical landmarks and palpation. Precise targeting maximises therapeutic response and minimises patient discomfort.

Lesson 2 • Troubleshooting Placement Problems

Addresses poor adhesion, uneven current sensation, and skin reactions during treatment. Systematic troubleshooting skills prevent treatment failure and adverse events.

Lesson 3 • Regional Placement Protocols

Applies placement principles to the spine, extremities, and trunk with region-specific guidance. Standardised regional protocols reduce variability and improve treatment reproducibility.

Lesson 4 • Skin Preparation and Electrode Adhesion

Details cleansing, hair removal, and impedance-reduction steps before electrode application. Proper skin prep is prerequisite to consistent current delivery and patient safety.

Lesson 1 • Outcome Measurement and Protocol Adjustment

Uses validated pain scales, functional measures, and patient-reported outcomes to guide decisions. Systematic measurement distinguishes effective treatment from placebo response.

Lesson 2 • Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Pain Relief

Explains gate control theory, endogenous opioid release, and central inhibition pathways. Mechanistic understanding guides parameter selection for different pain presentations.

Lesson 3 • Chronic Pain Protocol Design

Adapts parameters for central sensitisation, neuropathic pain, and long-term management. Chronic protocols require accommodation strategies and outcome tracking over weeks.

Lesson 4 • TENS Modes and Parameter Selection

Differentiates conventional, acupuncture-like, burst, and modulation TENS modes by mechanism and indication. Correct mode selection is the primary determinant of analgesic outcome.

Lesson 1 • Muscle Re-Education and Motor Control

Uses NMES to restore volitional motor patterns after injury, surgery, or neurological event. Biofeedback integration enhances cortical re-learning during stimulation.

Lesson 2 • Post-Surgical and Immobilisation Applications

Applies NMES to prevent atrophy and maintain strength during immobilisation or early post-surgical phases. Protocol timing relative to surgical healing stages is critical for safety.

Lesson 3 • Parameter Selection for Muscle Strengthening

Defines optimal frequency, pulse duration, duty cycle, and intensity ranges for hypertrophy and strength. Evidence-based parameter ranges are matched to specific strengthening goals.

Lesson 4 • NMES Physiology and Muscle Recruitment

Explains how NMES reverses normal recruitment order and produces synchronous motor unit firing. Understanding reversed recruitment informs fatigue management and parameter progression.

Lesson 1 • Russian Current Protocol and Application

Details the 2,500 Hz carrier with 50 Hz burst structure and its superior torque production. Russian current protocols are applied for strength deficits requiring high force output.

Lesson 2 • Modality Comparison and Clinical Decision-Making

Synthesises IFC, Russian, HVPC, and TENS into a comparative decision framework. Students select the optimal modality based on diagnosis, tissue depth, and treatment goal.

Lesson 3 • High-Voltage Pulsed Current Applications

Applies HVPC for wound healing, oedema reduction, and pain management using twin-peak monophasic pulses. Polarity selection in HVPC directly influences tissue healing outcomes.

Lesson 4 • IFC Setup and Clinical Application

Covers four-pole electrode arrangement, vector positioning, and parameter selection for IFC treatment. Correct vector alignment determines which tissue receives maximum current density.

Lesson 1 • Safety, Adverse Events, and Documentation

Identifies chemical burns, allergic reactions, and current-related skin damage specific to these modalities. Thorough documentation protects patients and supports clinical accountability.

Lesson 2 • Iontophoresis Setup and Protocol Execution

Covers drug loading, electrode preparation, dosage calculation in milliamp-minutes, and session monitoring. Precise dosage control prevents chemical burns and ensures therapeutic delivery.

Lesson 3 • Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing

Applies HVPC and low-intensity direct current to promote tissue repair through galvanotaxis and angiogenesis. Evidence-based polarity protocols are matched to wound healing phases.

Lesson 4 • Oedema Management with Electrical Stimulation

Uses HVPC and IFC to reduce acute and chronic oedema through muscle pumping and vascular effects. Oedema protocols are integrated with elevation and compression for optimal outcomes.

Lesson 1 • Comprehensive Patient Assessment for E-Stim

Integrates subjective history, objective findings, and contraindication screening into e-stim candidacy decisions. Thorough assessment is the foundation of safe and effective treatment planning.

Lesson 2 • Complex and Special Population Management

Adapts e-stim protocols for paediatric, geriatric, oncology, and neurological patient populations. Population-specific modifications ensure safety and efficacy across diverse clinical contexts.

Lesson 3 • Programme Progression and Clinical Reasoning

Applies decision rules for advancing, modifying, or discontinuing e-stim based on patient response data. Systematic progression prevents plateau and ensures continued therapeutic benefit.

Lesson 4 • Multimodal Treatment Plan Design

Combines e-stim with exercise, manual therapy, and other modalities into cohesive treatment plans. Integration decisions are driven by diagnosis, phase of healing, and patient goals.