Electroencephalogram Course

Lesson 1 • Neuronal Basis of EEG Signals

Covers postsynaptic potentials, dipole formation, and volume conduction. Links cellular activity to scalp-recorded waveforms.

Lesson 2 • Brain Rhythms and Frequency Bands

Defines delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands with their physiological correlates. Provides the spectral framework used throughout the course.

Lesson 3 • Anatomy Relevant to EEG Interpretation

Reviews cortical lobes, sulci, and subcortical structures generating EEG patterns. Anchors electrode placement to underlying anatomy.

Lesson 1 • Electrode Application and Impedance Checks

Covers skin preparation, conductive gel application, and impedance verification. Directly impacts signal quality and artifact reduction.

Lesson 2 • System Calibration and Safety Checks

Details pre-recording calibration, electrical safety testing, and equipment maintenance. Ensures patient safety and data validity before every study.

Lesson 3 • The International 10-20 Electrode System

Teaches standardised scalp measurement and electrode placement using the 10-20 system. Ensures reproducible recordings across sessions and facilities.

Lesson 4 • Electrode Types and Materials

Compares cup, disk, needle, and subdermal electrodes by impedance and application. Guides material selection for routine and specialised recordings.

Lesson 1 • Principles of Montage Design

Explains electrode pairing logic, signal polarity conventions, and chain construction. Forms the conceptual basis for all montage types.

Lesson 2 • Bipolar Montages

Covers longitudinal, transverse, and circumferential bipolar arrangements and their localisation strengths. Teaches phase reversal identification for source localisation.

Lesson 3 • Referential Montages

Examines linked-ear, contralateral-ear, and vertex reference strategies with their respective biases. Prepares students to recognise reference contamination.

Lesson 4 • Montage Selection in Clinical Practice

Applies montage knowledge to routine, epilepsy, and ICU recording scenarios. Reinforces decision-making through case-based montage switching.

Lesson 1 • Normal Sleep Architecture in EEG

Identifies vertex waves, sleep spindles, K-complexes, and slow-wave sleep features. Essential for interpreting prolonged and ambulatory recordings.

Lesson 2 • Neonatal EEG Specific Features

Covers trace alternant, delta brushes, and gestational age-dependent patterns. Requires knowledge of neonatal anatomy covered in Chapter 1.

Lesson 3 • Normal Variants and Benign Patterns

Identifies wicket spikes, 14-and-6 Hz positive bursts, SREDA, and other benign variants. Prevents over-reading and unnecessary clinical escalation.

Lesson 4 • Normal Adult Waking EEG

Describes posterior dominant rhythm, frontal beta, and mu rhythm in alert adults. Establishes the baseline against which abnormalities are judged.

Lesson 1 • Artifact Differentiation from Pathology

Applies morphological and topographic criteria to distinguish artifacts from epileptiform discharges. Reduces false-positive interpretations in clinical reports.

Lesson 2 • Technical and Environmental Artifacts

Identifies electrode pop, 60 Hz interference, ventilator, and IV drip artifacts. Links artifact sources to equipment and environment factors.

Lesson 3 • Artifact Reduction Techniques

Teaches electrode repositioning, patient instruction, and digital filtering to minimise artifacts. Directly improves recording quality before interpretation.

Lesson 1 • Periodic and Rhythmic Patterns

Applies the ACNS standardised terminology to LPDs, GPDs, LRDA, and GRDA. Introduces the ictal-interictal continuum concept.

Lesson 2 • Interictal Epileptiform Discharges

Defines spikes, sharp waves, and spike-wave complexes with morphological criteria. Establishes the foundation for epilepsy syndrome classification.

Lesson 3 • Focal and Diffuse Slowing

Distinguishes focal from diffuse slow-wave abnormalities and correlates them with structural and metabolic aetiologies. Builds on normal EEG baselines from Chapter 4.

Lesson 4 • Ictal EEG Patterns

Identifies electrographic seizure onset, evolution, and termination patterns. Prepares students for seizure detection in monitoring settings.

Lesson 1 • EEG-Guided Antiseizure Therapy Monitoring

Applies EEG findings to assess treatment response and medication effects on background activity. Integrates clinical and electrographic data for management decisions.

Lesson 2 • Neonatal and Infantile Epilepsy Syndromes

Covers hypsarrhythmia in infantile spasms, burst suppression, and neonatal seizure patterns. Builds on neonatal EEG features from Chapter 4.

Lesson 3 • Focal Epilepsy Syndromes

Identifies centrotemporal spikes, temporal lobe discharges, and frontal lobe patterns. Links focal discharge morphology to surgical candidacy evaluation.

Lesson 4 • Pre-Surgical Epilepsy Evaluation

Introduces scalp EEG role in localising seizure onset zones for surgical planning. Connects to invasive monitoring concepts in supplementary chapters.

Lesson 1 • Post-Cardiac Arrest EEG Monitoring

Covers burst suppression, malignant patterns, and EEG-guided prognostication after cardiac arrest. Integrates targeted temperature management effects on EEG.

Lesson 2 • Continuous EEG Monitoring in the ICU

Covers indications, electrode strategies, and staffing models for prolonged ICU EEG. Builds on montage and artifact skills from Chapters 3 and 5.

Lesson 3 • EEG in Brain Death Determination

Applies electrocerebral inactivity criteria, sensitivity settings, and confirmatory role of EEG. Requires understanding of calibration and artifact exclusion from Chapter 2.

Lesson 4 • EEG Report Writing and Communication

Structures standardised EEG reports using ACNS terminology and communicates urgent findings. Synthesises interpretation skills from all prior chapters.