First Aid Training

Lesson 1 • What First Aid Is and Why It Matters

Defines first aid, its purpose, and its limits within the emergency care chain. Grounds all subsequent skills in a clear understanding of responder responsibility.

Lesson 2 • Primary Survey: DRABC Framework

Introduces the Danger-Response-Airway-Breathing-Circulation assessment sequence. Provides a repeatable structure for evaluating any casualty rapidly.

Lesson 3 • Scene Safety and Situational Awareness

Teaches systematic scene assessment before approaching any casualty. Prevents responders from becoming additional victims.

Lesson 4 • Personal Protective Equipment in First Aid

Covers selection and correct use of gloves, masks, and barriers. Reduces cross-contamination risk during every hands-on intervention.

Lesson 1 • Unconscious Choking and Recovery Position

Addresses airway management when a choking casualty becomes unresponsive. Integrates CPR initiation and the lateral recovery position for breathing casualties.

Lesson 2 • Airway Anatomy and Obstruction Causes

Reviews upper airway structures and common obstruction mechanisms. Provides anatomical rationale for every manual airway technique.

Lesson 3 • Manual Airway Opening Techniques

Teaches head-tilt chin-lift and jaw-thrust manoeuvres for different casualty conditions. Connects technique selection to suspected spinal injury status.

Lesson 4 • Choking in Conscious Adults and Children

Covers recognition of mild versus severe choking and the abdominal thrust sequence. Enables rapid intervention before the casualty loses consciousness.

Lesson 1 • Anatomy of Cardiac Arrest

Explains how cardiac arrest differs from heart attack and why immediate action is critical. Provides physiological context that motivates correct CPR technique.

Lesson 2 • Automated External Defibrillator Use

Covers AED operation, pad placement, and safe shock delivery for all age groups. Integrates AED use seamlessly into the CPR sequence.

Lesson 3 • CPR Team Dynamics and Fatigue Management

Addresses role assignment, compressor rotation, and communication during multi-rescuer CPR. Maintains compression quality over extended resuscitation efforts.

Lesson 4 • CPR for Children and Infants

Adapts compression force, depth, and breath volume for paediatric casualties. Ensures responders adjust technique based on casualty size.

Lesson 1 • Direct Pressure and Wound Packing

Teaches sustained direct pressure and gauze packing for deep wounds. Forms the primary haemorrhage control skill for most bleeding emergencies.

Lesson 2 • Tourniquet Application for Limb Bleeding

Covers tourniquet indications, placement, and documentation for life-threatening limb haemorrhage. Addresses common errors that reduce tourniquet effectiveness.

Lesson 3 • Wound Cleaning and Dressing

Covers irrigation, antiseptic use, and sterile dressing application for minor wounds. Reduces infection risk and promotes healing in non-life-threatening injuries.

Lesson 4 • Understanding Bleeding and Haemorrhagic Shock

Explains blood volume, bleeding types, and the progression to haemorrhagic shock. Motivates urgency and correct prioritisation in bleeding emergencies.

Lesson 1 • Anaphylactic Shock and Allergic Reactions

Teaches recognition of anaphylaxis and epinephrine auto-injector administration. Addresses the most rapidly fatal shock type a first aider will encounter.

Lesson 2 • Hypovolaemic and Haemorrhagic Shock

Covers fluid loss causes, recognition, and first aid priorities for hypovolaemic shock. Connects directly to bleeding control skills from the previous chapter.

Lesson 3 • Cardiogenic and Obstructive Shock

Identifies shock caused by pump failure or mechanical obstruction and appropriate first aid limits. Emphasises rapid EMS activation over invasive intervention.

Lesson 4 • Neurogenic and Septic Shock Awareness

Introduces distributive shock types caused by spinal injury and systemic infection. Ensures responders recognise these less obvious shock presentations.

Lesson 1 • Spinal Injury Recognition

Identifies mechanisms of injury and clinical signs suggesting spinal cord involvement. Prevents catastrophic secondary injury through early recognition.

Lesson 2 • Recognising Fractures and Dislocations

Covers open and closed fracture signs, dislocation indicators, and neurovascular assessment. Builds assessment skills that guide immobilisation decisions.

Lesson 3 • Pelvic and Rib Fracture Management

Addresses pelvic binder application and rib fracture breathing support. Manages high-mortality injuries within lay responder scope.

Lesson 4 • Splinting Principles and Techniques

Teaches rigid, soft, and traction splint application for upper and lower limb fractures. Reduces pain, bleeding, and further tissue damage during transport.

Lesson 1 • Diabetic Emergencies

Distinguishes hypoglycaemia from hyperglycaemia and applies appropriate first aid for each. Prevents irreversible brain damage from prolonged low blood glucose.

Lesson 2 • Stroke Recognition and First Aid

Teaches the FAST assessment tool and supportive care for suspected stroke. Emphasises time-critical EMS activation to preserve brain function.

Lesson 3 • Seizure Management

Covers seizure types, protective positioning, and post-ictal care. Prevents injury during convulsions without restraining the casualty.

Lesson 4 • Respiratory Emergencies and Asthma

Addresses asthma attack management and general respiratory distress first aid. Ensures responders support breathing without worsening the condition.

Lesson 1 • Poisoning and Overdose Response

Addresses ingested, inhaled, and absorbed poison management and opioid overdose response. Covers naloxone administration where available to lay responders.

Lesson 2 • Drowning and Near-Drowning First Aid

Covers safe water rescue principles, rescue breathing priority, and post-rescue monitoring. Addresses the unique airway and CPR considerations for drowning casualties.

Lesson 3 • Burn Assessment and Cooling

Covers burn depth classification, body surface area estimation, and cooling protocols. Prevents burn progression and reduces pain through correct immediate care.

Lesson 4 • Heat-Related Illness Management

Distinguishes heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke and applies correct cooling. Prevents fatal hyperthermia through rapid recognition and aggressive cooling.