Commerce Law Course

Lesson 1 • Legal Personality and Capacity

Explains who can enter binding commercial relationships and under what conditions. Capacity rules underpin contract and liability analysis.

Lesson 2 • Nature and Scope of Commerce Law

Defines commerce law and distinguishes it from civil and criminal law. Establishes the conceptual boundary students use throughout the course.

Lesson 3 • Sources of Commercial Legal Rules

Maps the hierarchy of legal sources governing commerce, from legislation to custom. Students learn to locate and prioritise applicable rules.

Lesson 1 • Vitiating Factors and Validity

Examines misrepresentation, mistake, duress, and undue influence as grounds to void or rescind contracts. Builds defences and risk-assessment skills.

Lesson 2 • Performance, Breach, and Remedies

Analyses obligations of performance, conditions of breach, and available remedies. Students can advise on enforcement and damage recovery.

Lesson 3 • Contract Terms and Interpretation

Distinguishes express, implied, and incorporated terms and explains interpretive rules. Accurate term analysis drives dispute outcomes.

Lesson 4 • Formation of Commercial Contracts

Covers offer, acceptance, consideration, and intent to create legal relations. These elements determine whether a binding agreement exists.

Lesson 1 • Seller and Buyer Obligations

Details delivery, payment, and acceptance duties for both parties. Breach of these duties triggers specific remedies under goods law.

Lesson 2 • Supply of Services Rules

Covers implied terms of care, skill, and timeliness in service contracts. Distinguishes services from goods for liability and remedy purposes.

Lesson 3 • Transfer of Property and Risk

Explains when ownership and risk pass between buyer and seller. Correct timing analysis determines who bears loss on damaged or lost goods.

Lesson 4 • Remedies in Goods and Services Disputes

Surveys seller and buyer remedies including rejection, price reduction, and damages. Connects remedy selection to commercial strategy.

Lesson 1 • Authority and Its Limits

Distinguishes actual, apparent, and usual authority and their effects on third parties. Authority scope determines principal liability.

Lesson 2 • Termination of Agency

Analyses grounds for ending agency, including notice, breach, and operation of law. Covers compensation rights on termination.

Lesson 3 • Distribution and Franchise Agreements

Compares agency with distributorship and franchise models, highlighting legal distinctions. Correct classification affects tax, liability, and regulatory compliance.

Lesson 4 • Creation and Types of Agency

Defines agency and explains how it arises by agreement, ratification, necessity, or estoppel. Establishes the legal basis for all agent-principal analysis.

Lesson 1 • Corporate Finance and Securities

Introduces share capital, debt instruments, and securities regulation basics. Financing decisions carry legal obligations and disclosure requirements.

Lesson 2 • Corporate Governance Fundamentals

Covers board structure, director duties, and shareholder rights. Good governance reduces legal risk and builds stakeholder trust.

Lesson 3 • Forms of Business Organization

Surveys sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations and their legal characteristics. Choice of structure affects liability, taxation, and governance.

Lesson 4 • Corporate Restructuring and Dissolution

Covers mergers, acquisitions, and winding-up procedures. Students can identify legal steps and stakeholder impacts in restructuring scenarios.

Lesson 1 • Guarantees and Suretyship

Covers personal and corporate guarantees as credit support mechanisms. Guarantee law affects enforceability and creditor strategy.

Lesson 2 • Priority of Competing Claims

Determines how competing security interests rank against each other and unsecured creditors. Priority rules govern recovery in insolvency.

Lesson 3 • Creating Security Interests

Explains mortgages, charges, pledges, and liens as security mechanisms. Proper creation is essential for enforceability against third parties.

Lesson 4 • Debt and Equity Financing Instruments

Compares loans, bonds, and equity instruments as financing tools. Understanding instrument type determines applicable legal rules and risk.

Lesson 1 • Documentary Credits and Payment Methods

Covers letters of credit, documentary collections, and open account as payment mechanisms. Payment method choice balances risk between exporter and importer.

Lesson 2 • International Sale of Goods Framework

Introduces the international legal regime for goods sales and its relationship to domestic law. Establishes the baseline for cross-border transaction analysis.

Lesson 3 • Trade Terms and Risk Allocation

Explains standardised trade terms that define delivery, risk, and cost obligations. Correct term selection prevents costly disputes over loss and insurance.

Lesson 4 • Trade Compliance and Export Controls

Surveys customs procedures, trade sanctions, and export control regimes. Non-compliance exposes businesses to penalties and reputational damage.

Lesson 1 • Overview of Commercial Dispute Options

Maps the landscape of dispute resolution from negotiation to litigation. Understanding options enables strategic early-stage decision-making.

Lesson 2 • Mediation and Negotiated Settlement

Develops skills for structured negotiation and facilitated mediation in commercial contexts. Early resolution preserves business relationships and reduces cost.

Lesson 3 • International Commercial Arbitration

Explains arbitration agreements, institutional rules, and award enforcement across borders. Arbitration is the dominant mechanism for cross-border commercial disputes.

Lesson 4 • Jurisdiction and Choice of Law

Analyses how parties select governing law and dispute forum in commercial contracts. Incorrect clause drafting can nullify dispute resolution strategies.