Analog electronics course

Lesson 1 • Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits

Introduces energy-storage elements and their behavior under DC steady-state conditions. Prepares students for AC and transient analysis in the next chapter.

Lesson 2 • Resistance and Ohm's Law

Introduces resistance as opposition to current and derives Ohm's Law from first principles. Connects material properties to circuit-level behavior.

Lesson 3 • Thevenin and Norton Equivalents

Reduces complex networks to simple two-terminal models for load analysis. Enables efficient design of interface circuits covered in later chapters.

Lesson 4 • Charge, Voltage, and Current

Defines electric charge, potential difference, and current flow as the basis of all circuit behavior. Establishes the physical intuition needed throughout the course.

Lesson 1 • Resonance in RLC Circuits

Analyzes series and parallel resonance, quality factor, and bandwidth. Builds intuition for frequency-selective behavior used in filter and amplifier design.

Lesson 2 • Transfer Functions and Bode Plots

Derives voltage and current transfer functions and plots magnitude and phase on logarithmic scales. Provides the frequency-domain language used in amplifier and filter design.

Lesson 3 • Sinusoidal Signals and Phasors

Defines amplitude, frequency, and phase of sinusoids and introduces phasor representation. Converts time-domain equations into algebraic phasor equations.

Lesson 4 • Power in AC Circuits

Distinguishes real, reactive, and apparent power and introduces power factor. Connects AC power concepts to practical amplifier efficiency discussed later.

Lesson 1 • Clipping and Clamping Circuits

Uses diodes to limit signal amplitude or shift DC level in waveform-shaping applications. Reinforces nonlinear circuit analysis techniques introduced with diode models.

Lesson 2 • Rectifier and Power Supply Circuits

Designs half-wave, full-wave, and bridge rectifiers with capacitive filtering. Directly applicable to DC power supply design in later amplifier chapters.

Lesson 3 • P-N Junction and Diode Models

Derives the ideal diode equation from junction physics and introduces practical diode models. Enables accurate hand analysis and simulation of diode circuits.

Lesson 4 • Zener Diodes and Voltage References

Analyzes Zener breakdown and designs simple shunt voltage regulators. Introduces precision voltage reference concepts used in op-amp and bias circuits.

Lesson 1 • Common-Base and Common-Collector Configurations

Compares gain, impedance, and bandwidth of all three BJT configurations. Enables configuration selection based on application requirements.

Lesson 2 • DC Biasing and Q-Point Stability

Designs fixed-bias, voltage-divider, and emitter-feedback bias networks for stable Q-point. Demonstrates how thermal stability affects amplifier linearity and reliability.

Lesson 3 • BJT Structure and Operating Regions

Explains NPN and PNP transistor physics and identifies cutoff, active, and saturation regions. Establishes the device model foundation for all BJT amplifier analysis.

Lesson 4 • Small-Signal BJT Models

Derives the hybrid-pi and T models from device physics for AC signal analysis. Provides the analytical models used in gain and impedance calculations.

Lesson 1 • Common-Source Amplifier Analysis

Computes voltage gain, input impedance, and output impedance of the common-source stage. Highlights the high input impedance advantage of FET amplifiers.

Lesson 2 • MOSFET Structure and Operation

Explains enhancement- and depletion-mode MOSFET physics, threshold voltage, and drain current equations. Establishes the device model for all FET circuit analysis.

Lesson 3 • JFET Characteristics and Biasing

Covers JFET pinch-off, IDSS, and self-bias design for depletion-mode operation. Contrasts JFET biasing constraints with MOSFET biasing flexibility.

Lesson 4 • Small-Signal FET Models

Derives the small-signal model with gm and rds for MOSFETs and JFETs. Enables AC gain and impedance analysis consistent with BJT small-signal methods.

Lesson 1 • Differential Amplifier Stages

Analyzes the differential pair as the core building block of op-amps and instrumentation amplifiers. Introduces common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) as a key performance metric.

Lesson 2 • Current Mirrors and Active Loads

Designs basic and cascode current mirrors for biasing and active load applications. Shows how active loads dramatically increase amplifier voltage gain.

Lesson 3 • Cascading Amplifier Stages

Calculates overall gain, input impedance, and output impedance of cascaded BJT and FET stages. Introduces loading effects between stages and their mitigation.

Lesson 4 • High-Frequency Response and Miller Effect

Models internal device capacitances and applies the Miller theorem to find upper cutoff frequency. Reveals how device parasitics limit amplifier bandwidth.

Lesson 1 • Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifiers

Derives gain, input impedance, and output impedance for both fundamental configurations. Establishes the design equations used in all subsequent op-amp applications.

Lesson 2 • Ideal Op-Amp Model and Golden Rules

Defines the ideal op-amp assumptions and derives the virtual-short and virtual-ground rules. Provides the fast analysis framework for all linear op-amp configurations.

Lesson 3 • Non-Ideal Op-Amp Parameters

Quantifies offset voltage, bias current, slew rate, and gain-bandwidth product and their circuit impact. Enables selection of op-amps that meet precision and speed requirements.

Lesson 4 • Summing, Difference, and Instrumentation Amplifiers

Extends basic configurations to multi-input summing and precision differential amplification. Introduces the three-op-amp instrumentation amplifier for sensor signal conditioning.

Lesson 1 • Stability Analysis and Compensation

Uses Bode plots and Nyquist criteria to assess phase margin and gain margin of feedback amplifiers. Introduces dominant-pole and lead compensation techniques.

Lesson 2 • Class A and Class B Power Amplifiers

Analyzes efficiency, distortion, and power dissipation in Class A and Class B output stages. Establishes the efficiency-distortion tradeoff central to power amplifier design.

Lesson 3 • Feedback Amplifier Theory

Derives the closed-loop gain formula and identifies the four feedback topologies by sampling and mixing type. Shows how feedback controls gain, impedance, bandwidth, and distortion.

Lesson 4 • Class AB and Class C Amplifiers

Introduces bias techniques that eliminate crossover distortion in Class AB and analyzes Class C for RF applications. Completes the amplifier class spectrum for practical design selection.