Ophthalmology and Optics Course

Lesson 1 • Nature and Properties of Light

Covers electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength, frequency, and photon behaviour relevant to vision. Provides the physical basis for all subsequent optical concepts.

Lesson 2 • Prisms and Dispersion

Analyses prismatic deviation of light and chromatic dispersion through optical media. Establishes groundwork for understanding prism prescriptions and aberrations.

Lesson 3 • Reflection and Refraction Principles

Examines laws of reflection and Snell's law of refraction at optical interfaces. Connects light-bending behaviour to lens and corneal optics.

Lesson 1 • Cornea and Anterior Segment

Details corneal layers, limbus, anterior chamber, and trabecular meshwork. Connects corneal curvature and transparency to refractive power.

Lesson 2 • Crystalline Lens and Accommodation

Examines lens structure, zonular fibres, and ciliary muscle mechanics. Explains accommodation as dynamic refractive power adjustment.

Lesson 3 • Visual Pathway and Cortical Processing

Traces neural signals from retina through optic chiasm to visual cortex. Provides anatomical basis for interpreting visual field defects.

Lesson 4 • External Ocular Structures

Describes eyelids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal system anatomy and function. Establishes the protective and refractive role of the tear film.

Lesson 1 • Hyperopia: Mechanisms and Management

Distinguishes latent, manifest, and absolute hyperopia and their clinical significance. Explains plus lens correction and the role of accommodation.

Lesson 2 • Presbyopia and Near Vision Correction

Explains age-related loss of accommodation and its optical consequences. Covers reading additions, bifocals, and progressive lens design.

Lesson 3 • Prescription Writing and Transposition

Teaches standardised prescription notation and sphere-cylinder transposition. Ensures accurate communication between clinicians and dispensing opticians.

Lesson 4 • Astigmatism: Classification and Correction

Classifies regular and irregular astigmatism by axis and type. Covers cylindrical lens optics and toric lens prescription writing.

Lesson 1 • Thin Lens Theory and Power

Applies thin lens equations to calculate focal length, image position, and magnification. Builds the quantitative foundation for lens prescription and verification.

Lesson 2 • Multifocal and Progressive Lenses

Examines optical zones, corridor design, and aberration profiles of progressive lenses. Guides fitting and troubleshooting for presbyopic patients.

Lesson 3 • Low Vision Aids and Magnification

Introduces optical and electronic magnification devices for patients with reduced visual acuity. Calculates magnification requirements from visual acuity goals.

Lesson 4 • Lens Materials and Coatings

Compares optical glass, CR-39, polycarbonate, and high-index materials by refractive index and Abbe number. Covers anti-reflective, UV, and photochromic coatings.

Lesson 1 • Retinoscopy Fundamentals

Teaches streak retinoscopy technique, reflex interpretation, and working distance neutralisation. Provides the objective baseline for subjective refinement.

Lesson 2 • Subjective Refraction Procedure

Guides monocular and binocular subjective refraction using the MPMVA and cross-cylinder techniques. Refines sphere and cylinder power and axis systematically.

Lesson 3 • Paediatric and Special Population Refraction

Adapts refraction techniques for children, non-verbal patients, and those with nystagmus. Covers cycloplegic agents and their effect on refractive findings.

Lesson 1 • Corneal Topography and Tomography

Interprets Placido-based topography and Scheimpflug tomography maps for curvature and elevation. Applies findings to contact lens fitting and refractive surgery screening.

Lesson 2 • Visual Field Testing

Covers automated perimetry protocols, reliability indices, and pattern deviation analysis. Links visual field defects to anatomical lesion locations in the visual pathway.

Lesson 3 • Tonometry and Intraocular Pressure

Compares applanation, non-contact, and rebound tonometry methods and their accuracy. Contextualises intraocular pressure measurement within glaucoma risk assessment.

Lesson 4 • Fundus Examination and Imaging

Teaches direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography interpretation. Identifies normal landmarks and common pathological findings.

Lesson 1 • Corneal Diseases and Ectasias

Examines keratoconus, Fuchs dystrophy, and infectious keratitis affecting corneal clarity and shape. Connects corneal pathology to irregular astigmatism and visual distortion.

Lesson 2 • Retinal Diseases and Macular Disorders

Covers diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal detachment pathophysiology. Relates structural changes to functional visual loss.

Lesson 3 • Cataract: Classification and Impact

Classifies nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts by morphology and visual impact. Explains how lens opacity degrades optical quality.

Lesson 4 • Neuro-Ophthalmic Conditions

Identifies optic neuritis, papilloedema, and cranial nerve palsies affecting visual function. Links neuro-ophthalmic signs to systemic and neurological diagnoses.

Lesson 1 • Phakic Intraocular Lenses

Examines implantable collamer lens design, vault measurement, and indications for high myopia. Compares phakic IOL outcomes with corneal laser procedures.

Lesson 2 • Laser Refractive Surgery Principles

Explains excimer laser tissue ablation, ablation profiles, and optical zone design. Covers LASIK, PRK, and SMILE procedures and their optical outcomes.

Lesson 3 • Postoperative Management and Complications

Identifies common refractive surgery complications including regression, haze, and ectasia. Guides postoperative monitoring protocols and enhancement decision-making.

Lesson 4 • Patient Selection and Screening

Applies topographic, pachymetric, and refractive criteria to identify suitable surgical candidates. Identifies contraindications including ectasia risk and dry eye severity.