Advanced Groundwater Numerical Modelling Course

Lesson 1 • Governing Equations for Saturated Flow

Derives the groundwater flow equation from mass balance and Darcy's law. Links storativity and transmissivity to the partial differential equation solved by numerical models.

Lesson 2 • Conceptual Model Development

Translates hydrogeologic understanding into a structured conceptual model. This step governs all subsequent numerical design decisions and data requirements.

Lesson 3 • Unsaturated Zone and Richards Equation

Introduces pressure-saturation relationships and the Richards equation for variably saturated flow. Prepares students to model recharge and vadose zone processes.

Lesson 4 • Aquifer Heterogeneity and Boundary Conditions

Examines spatial variability of hydraulic properties and the three standard boundary condition types. Correct boundary assignment is critical for model accuracy.

Lesson 1 • Matrix Solvers and Convergence

Covers direct and iterative linear solvers used in groundwater codes. Students diagnose convergence failures and tune solver parameters effectively.

Lesson 2 • Grid Design and Discretisation Errors

Addresses spatial and temporal discretisation choices and their effect on solution accuracy. Students apply grid-refinement tests to quantify numerical error.

Lesson 3 • Finite-Element Method Essentials

Introduces Galerkin weighted-residual formulation and element assembly. Enables students to work with unstructured grids common in complex geological settings.

Lesson 4 • Finite-Volume and Control-Volume Methods

Presents the control-volume approach used in many industry codes. Highlights local mass conservation advantages over finite-element methods.

Lesson 1 • Structured Grid Flow Codes

Examines block-centred finite-difference codes widely used in practice. Students build and execute a basic steady-state model using standard input packages.

Lesson 2 • Scripting and Automation Interfaces

Introduces Python-based interfaces for programmatic model construction and batch execution. Automation is essential for sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation workflows.

Lesson 3 • Graphical Pre- and Post-Processing Tools

Covers GUI-based environments for model construction, parameter assignment, and result visualisation. Efficient use of these tools reduces setup errors and speeds analysis.

Lesson 4 • Model File Management and Version Control

Establishes best practices for organising model files, tracking changes, and ensuring reproducibility. Proper version control prevents data loss and supports peer review.

Lesson 1 • Automated Inverse Modeling Methods

Covers gradient-based and derivative-free optimisation algorithms for parameter estimation. Students configure and run automated calibration tools and interpret convergence.

Lesson 2 • Manual Trial-and-Error Calibration

Develops systematic manual adjustment strategies before automated methods are introduced. Students build intuition for parameter-response relationships in the model.

Lesson 3 • Sensitivity and Identifiability Analysis

Quantifies how model outputs respond to parameter changes using composite scaled sensitivities. Identifies which parameters are estimable given available observations.

Lesson 4 • Calibration Quality Metrics and Reporting

Applies standard statistical metrics to evaluate and communicate calibration quality. Students produce calibration reports meeting professional and regulatory expectations.

Lesson 1 • Advection-Dispersion Equation Fundamentals

Derives the advection-dispersion equation from mass balance principles. Establishes dispersivity, diffusion, and retardation as the governing transport parameters.

Lesson 2 • Particle Tracking and Pathline Analysis

Uses forward and backward particle tracking to delineate capture zones and travel times. Results directly support wellhead protection and remediation design.

Lesson 3 • Numerical Transport Solution Methods

Compares Eulerian, Lagrangian, and mixed methods for solving the transport equation. Students select methods based on Peclet number and acceptable numerical dispersion.

Lesson 4 • Transport Model Calibration and Validation

Applies calibration techniques to match observed concentration data in space and time. Addresses the additional uncertainty introduced by dispersivity and source term estimation.

Lesson 1 • Conceptual Framework for GW-SW Exchange

Describes gaining, losing, and disconnected stream conditions and their hydraulic controls. Establishes the conceptual basis for selecting appropriate model boundary packages.

Lesson 2 • Managed Aquifer Recharge Simulation

Models infiltration basins, injection wells, and riverbank filtration as engineered recharge sources. Students evaluate recharge efficiency and mounding under variable operations.

Lesson 3 • Baseflow Separation and Model Validation

Uses hydrograph separation techniques to generate independent flux targets for model validation. Baseflow data provide critical constraints beyond head observations alone.

Lesson 4 • River and Stream Boundary Packages

Implements head-dependent flux boundaries to simulate streambed conductance and stage. Students calibrate streambed conductance against measured baseflow and stage data.

Lesson 1 • Multi-Model Analysis and Model Averaging

Evaluates competing conceptual models using information criteria and Bayesian model averaging. Reduces overconfidence from single-model predictions in complex systems.

Lesson 2 • Sources of Model Uncertainty

Categorises parameter, structural, and scenario uncertainty in groundwater models. Understanding uncertainty sources guides data collection and model design decisions.

Lesson 3 • Monte Carlo and Stochastic Methods

Applies Monte Carlo simulation to propagate parameter uncertainty through model predictions. Students design efficient sampling strategies and interpret output distributions.

Lesson 4 • Communicating Uncertainty to Stakeholders

Translates probabilistic model outputs into decision-relevant formats for non-technical audiences. Effective communication prevents misuse of deterministic point predictions.

Lesson 1 • Groundwater Supply and Sustainability Assessment

Evaluates long-term aquifer yield under climate variability and increasing extraction. Students define sustainable yield using water budget and drawdown threshold criteria.

Lesson 2 • Wellhead Protection and Capture Zone Analysis

Delineates time-of-travel capture zones for drinking water source protection. Students apply particle tracking and probabilistic methods to account for parameter uncertainty.

Lesson 3 • Contaminant Plume Management Modeling

Simulates plume migration, natural attenuation, and active remediation alternatives. Students compare pump-and-treat, permeable reactive barrier, and monitored natural attenuation scenarios.

Lesson 4 • Professional Model Report Preparation

Structures a complete model report covering conceptualisation, calibration, predictions, and uncertainty. Students apply professional standards for peer review and regulatory submission.