Finance Basics Course

Lesson 1 • Participants in Financial Systems

Maps the key actors—households, firms, banks, and markets—and how they interact. Understanding these relationships clarifies how money flows through an economy.

Lesson 2 • Core Financial Vocabulary

Introduces the essential terms used throughout all financial analysis and reporting. Precise vocabulary enables accurate reading of financial documents and conversations.

Lesson 3 • What Finance Is and Why It Matters

Defines finance as the management of money, time, and risk across individuals, firms, and governments. Establishes why financial literacy is essential for professional decision-making.

Lesson 1 • Notes and Disclosures in Reports

Explains the role of footnotes, accounting policy disclosures, and segment data in annual reports. Students learn where critical details are hidden beyond headline numbers.

Lesson 2 • The Cash Flow Statement

Distinguishes operating, investing, and financing cash flows and explains why cash differs from profit. Students use this statement to evaluate actual liquidity.

Lesson 3 • Understanding the Balance Sheet

Breaks down assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity and explains the accounting equation. Students learn how the balance sheet reflects a firm's financial position at a point in time.

Lesson 4 • Linking the Three Statements

Shows how net income, balance sheet changes, and cash flows interconnect across all three reports. Integrated reading prevents misinterpretation of any single statement.

Lesson 1 • Efficiency and Activity Ratios

Evaluates how well a firm uses assets to generate revenue through turnover metrics. Efficiency ratios expose operational bottlenecks and asset management quality.

Lesson 2 • Liquidity and Solvency Ratios

Measures a firm's ability to meet short-term obligations and sustain long-term debt. Students distinguish between immediate liquidity risk and structural solvency risk.

Lesson 3 • Profitability Ratios

Calculates gross margin, operating margin, net margin, ROA, and ROE to measure earning power. These ratios reveal how effectively a firm converts revenue into profit.

Lesson 4 • Market and Valuation Ratios

Introduces price-to-earnings, price-to-book, and EV/EBITDA as market-based performance signals. Students connect accounting data to investor expectations and market pricing.

Lesson 1 • Discount Rates and Risk

Explains how risk, inflation, and opportunity cost determine the appropriate discount rate. Choosing the right rate is critical to producing valid valuations.

Lesson 2 • Net Present Value and Decision Rules

Applies NPV to evaluate whether an investment creates or destroys value relative to its cost. Students use NPV as the primary capital allocation decision tool.

Lesson 3 • Internal Rate of Return and Payback

Calculates IRR and payback period as alternative investment metrics and identifies their limitations. Students understand when each metric is appropriate and when NPV should override them.

Lesson 4 • Annuities and Perpetuities

Calculates present and future values of ordinary annuities, annuities due, and perpetuities. These models apply directly to loans, leases, bonds, and dividend valuation.

Lesson 1 • Variance Analysis and Budget Control

Compares actual results to budget, calculates variances, and diagnoses their root causes. Variance analysis closes the loop between planning and operational performance.

Lesson 2 • Cash Flow Forecasting

Projects monthly cash inflows and outflows to identify funding gaps before they occur. Cash forecasting prevents insolvency even when a firm is profitable on paper.

Lesson 3 • Purpose and Types of Budgets

Distinguishes operating, capital, cash, and master budgets and explains each one's planning role. Understanding budget types prevents misuse and misinterpretation of financial plans.

Lesson 4 • Scenario and Sensitivity Planning

Builds base, optimistic, and pessimistic scenarios and tests budget sensitivity to key assumptions. Scenario planning prepares organisations to respond quickly to changing conditions.

Lesson 1 • Relevant Costs for Decision-Making

Identifies which costs are relevant to specific decisions such as make-or-buy, special orders, and elimination. Irrelevant sunk and fixed costs are excluded to avoid distorted choices.

Lesson 2 • Cost Allocation and Overhead

Explains how indirect costs are assigned to products or departments using allocation bases. Proper overhead allocation prevents mispricing and distorted profitability reporting.

Lesson 3 • Fixed, Variable, and Mixed Costs

Classifies costs by behaviour relative to output volume and explains their impact on profitability. Correct cost classification is the prerequisite for all managerial cost analysis.

Lesson 4 • Contribution Margin Analysis

Calculates contribution margin per unit and ratio to measure each product's profit-generating power. Contribution margin guides pricing floors, product mix, and discontinuation decisions.

Lesson 1 • Leverage and Capital Structure Trade-offs

Examines how debt amplifies returns and risk and explores the tax shield vs. financial distress trade-off. Students evaluate optimal leverage levels for different business profiles.

Lesson 2 • Dividend Policy and Retained Earnings

Analyses how dividend decisions affect shareholder value, retained earnings, and future financing capacity. Students understand the signalling effect of dividend changes on investor perception.

Lesson 3 • Weighted Average Cost of Capital

Combines component costs weighted by capital structure proportions to derive the firm's WACC. WACC serves as the discount rate for investment decisions and firm valuation.

Lesson 4 • Cost of Debt and Equity

Calculates after-tax cost of debt and cost of equity using the dividend growth and CAPM approaches. Each component cost feeds directly into the weighted average cost of capital.

Lesson 1 • Working Capital Management

Optimises the management of receivables, inventory, and payables to maximise operating cash flow. Efficient working capital reduces financing needs and improves liquidity.

Lesson 2 • Business Valuation Methods

Applies DCF, comparable company, and precedent transaction methods to estimate intrinsic and market value. Each method has distinct assumptions that affect when it is most appropriate.

Lesson 3 • Capital Budgeting for Strategic Projects

Applies NPV, IRR, and scenario analysis to large, multi-year strategic investments with uncertain cash flows. Students build full capital budgeting models for real-world project evaluation.

Lesson 4 • Mergers, Acquisitions, and Growth Finance

Introduces M&A rationale, synergy valuation, deal structures, and post-merger integration finance. Students evaluate whether acquisitive growth creates or destroys shareholder value.