Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Course

Lesson 1 • Energy Conversion Basics

Explains thermodynamic cycles and heat transfer relevant to CSP. Connects solar input to electricity output at a conceptual level.

Lesson 2 • CSP vs. Other Solar Technologies

Compares CSP with photovoltaics and other renewables on key metrics. Clarifies when CSP is the preferred technology choice.

Lesson 3 • Solar Radiation and the Sun

Covers solar geometry, spectral irradiance, and extraterrestrial radiation. Establishes the physical basis for all subsequent CSP resource calculations.

Lesson 1 • Parabolic Trough Systems

Details the geometry, tracking, and heat transfer fluid of parabolic troughs. This is the most commercially deployed CSP technology and serves as the reference case.

Lesson 2 • Shared Balance-of-Plant Components

Identifies components common across CSP types: pumps, piping, heat exchangers, and power blocks. Understanding shared hardware reduces redundancy in later design chapters.

Lesson 3 • Linear Fresnel Reflectors

Examines flat-mirror approximations of parabolic troughs and their cost trade-offs. Connects optical simplicity to reduced land and material costs.

Lesson 4 • Power Tower (Central Receiver) Systems

Covers heliostat fields, receiver design, and high-temperature operation of power towers. Higher operating temperatures enable greater thermodynamic efficiency.

Lesson 1 • Mirror and Receiver Materials

Reviews reflective coatings, glass substrates, selective absorber coatings, and vacuum receiver tubes. Material choices govern long-term optical and thermal performance.

Lesson 2 • Solar Tracking Systems

Covers single-axis and dual-axis tracking mechanisms, drive systems, and control algorithms. Precise tracking is essential for maintaining optical efficiency throughout the day.

Lesson 3 • Optical Efficiency Fundamentals

Defines intercept factor, reflectivity, transmissivity, and absorptivity. These parameters directly determine how much solar energy reaches the heat transfer fluid.

Lesson 4 • Heliostat Field Optimization

Applies ray-tracing and layout algorithms to maximise annual energy yield in power tower fields. Field layout decisions have large impacts on land use and LCOE.

Lesson 1 • TES Integration with the Power Block

Examines how TES connects to the solar field and steam generator to enable flexible dispatch. Integration design affects plant efficiency and ramp capability.

Lesson 2 • TES Fundamentals and Value

Explains sensible, latent, and thermochemical storage principles and their grid value. TES is the key differentiator of CSP from non-dispatchable renewables.

Lesson 3 • Single-Tank Thermocline Storage

Covers thermocline stratification, filler materials, and cost advantages over two-tank systems. Thermocline storage reduces salt inventory and tank costs.

Lesson 4 • Emerging TES Technologies

Surveys solid-media, concrete, and packed-bed storage concepts under development. Awareness of emerging options prepares engineers for next-generation plant designs.

Lesson 1 • Heat Transfer Fluid to Steam Interface

Covers steam generator train design: preheater, evaporator, and superheater sections. Proper thermal matching minimises exergy destruction and improves efficiency.

Lesson 2 • Cooling System Selection

Compares wet cooling towers, dry air-cooled condensers, and hybrid systems for CSP. Cooling choice strongly affects water consumption and performance in arid climates.

Lesson 3 • Auxiliary Systems and Parasitic Loads

Identifies pumps, fans, trace heating, and control systems that consume plant power. Minimising parasitic loads directly improves net plant output and LCOE.

Lesson 4 • Steam Rankine Cycle for CSP

Applies Rankine cycle thermodynamics to CSP steam conditions and part-load operation. The steam cycle is the dominant power block in commercial CSP plants.

Lesson 1 • Degradation and Long-Term Yield

Models mirror soiling, coating degradation, and component aging over a 25-year plant life. Long-term yield accuracy is critical for project financing.

Lesson 2 • Performance Modeling Methodology

Establishes the modelling workflow from weather data input to annual energy output. A structured methodology ensures reproducible and bankable yield estimates.

Lesson 3 • System Advisor Model (SAM) for CSP

Provides hands-on instruction in NREL's SAM software for parabolic trough and power tower modeling. SAM is the industry-standard tool for CSP feasibility studies.

Lesson 4 • Sensitivity and Parametric Analysis

Uses parametric sweeps to identify key design variables affecting annual yield and LCOE. Sensitivity analysis supports robust design decisions under uncertainty.

Lesson 1 • Permitting and Regulatory Pathways

Outlines environmental impact assessment, land use permitting, and grid interconnection processes. Regulatory timelines significantly affect project development schedules.

Lesson 2 • Levelised Cost of Energy Analysis

Calculates LCOE using discounted cash flow methodology for CSP projects. LCOE is the primary metric for comparing CSP competitiveness with other technologies.

Lesson 3 • Procurement and Contracting Strategies

Covers EPC contracting models, equipment procurement, and risk allocation in CSP projects. Contract structure affects cost certainty and technology performance guarantees.

Lesson 4 • CSP Cost Structure

Breaks down capital costs (EPC, owner's costs, financing) and operating costs for CSP plants. Understanding cost drivers is prerequisite to economic optimisation.

Lesson 1 • Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics

Introduces SCADA systems, thermal imaging, and performance KPIs for fault detection. Early fault detection reduces repair costs and unplanned downtime.

Lesson 2 • Solar Field Maintenance

Covers mirror cleaning, receiver inspection, tracking calibration, and HTF management. Solar field condition directly determines optical and thermal performance.

Lesson 3 • Plant Startup and Shutdown Procedures

Details cold start, warm start, and emergency shutdown sequences for CSP plants. Correct procedures protect equipment and maximise availability.

Lesson 4 • Power Block and TES Maintenance

Addresses turbine overhauls, heat exchanger cleaning, and molten salt system maintenance. Power block availability drives annual energy production.