Well Logging Course

Lesson 1 • Log Presentation and Data Quality

Explains standard log tracks, scales, and header information. Students can read a log header and identify common data quality indicators.

Lesson 2 • Formation Properties Overview

Introduces the petrophysical properties that logging tools measure. Provides the vocabulary needed for all subsequent chapters.

Lesson 3 • Logging Operations and Equipment

Covers wireline and logging-while-drilling acquisition methods. Students understand how tools are conveyed and data is transmitted to surface.

Lesson 4 • The Role of Well Logging

Defines well logging's purpose in the exploration-to-production workflow. Establishes the economic and technical justification for acquiring downhole measurements.

Lesson 1 • Resistivity Log Corrections

Applies borehole, bed thickness, and invasion corrections to raw resistivity readings. Students produce corrected Rt values ready for saturation equations.

Lesson 2 • SP Log Applications

Demonstrates how SP is used to pick bed boundaries and estimate formation water resistivity. Connects SP analysis to saturation calculations in later chapters.

Lesson 3 • Resistivity Measurement Concepts

Introduces electrical resistivity physics and the radial zones measured by different tool types. Students distinguish invaded, flushed, and virgin zone resistivities.

Lesson 4 • Spontaneous Potential Principles

Explains the electrochemical and electrokinetic origins of the SP signal. Students link SP deflection direction to formation water salinity and permeability.

Lesson 1 • Density Log Principles and Applications

Explains gamma-ray scattering physics behind bulk density measurement. Students derive porosity from density readings using matrix and fluid density values.

Lesson 2 • Environmental Corrections for Porosity Tools

Applies temperature, pressure, borehole size, and salinity corrections to porosity logs. Students produce corrected porosity values for reliable petrophysical analysis.

Lesson 3 • Porosity Log Crossplot Analysis

Combines density, neutron, and sonic data to identify lithology and gas. Students construct and interpret crossplots to resolve ambiguous single-tool readings.

Lesson 4 • Sonic Log Principles and Applications

Covers compressional and shear wave travel time measurement in formations. Students convert interval transit time to porosity using appropriate transforms.

Lesson 1 • Natural Gamma Ray Measurement

Explains the radioactive decay of K, U, and Th and how detectors record total gamma ray counts. Students calibrate readings in API units and identify radioactive minerals.

Lesson 2 • Induced Spectroscopy Logs

Introduces neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy for elemental and mineralogical analysis. Students interpret elemental yields to quantify clay, carbonate, and silica fractions.

Lesson 3 • Lithology Integration Workflow

Combines gamma ray, spectral, and porosity data into a consistent lithology model. Students build a multi-mineral model that feeds directly into saturation analysis.

Lesson 4 • Spectral Gamma Ray Log

Separates total gamma ray into K, U, and Th contributions for detailed mineralogy. Students use spectral data to distinguish shale types and identify uranium-rich zones.

Lesson 1 • Archie's Equation Fundamentals

Derives the formation factor, cementation exponent, and saturation exponent from first principles. Students apply the clean-sand Archie equation to compute Sw.

Lesson 2 • Formation Water Resistivity Determination

Covers methods to obtain Rw from SP, catalogues, and water-bearing zones. Accurate Rw is the single largest source of Sw uncertainty.

Lesson 3 • Saturation-Height Functions

Relates capillary pressure to fluid distribution above the free water level. Students construct Sw-height curves for reservoir modelling input.

Lesson 4 • Saturation Uncertainty and QC

Quantifies the combined effect of input parameter uncertainty on final Sw. Students apply sensitivity analysis and flag zones of low confidence.

Lesson 1 • Fracture Characterisation from Images

Identifies open, closed, and induced fractures on borehole images and quantifies their orientation. Students estimate fracture aperture and relate fractures to permeability.

Lesson 2 • Borehole Imaging Tool Types

Compares resistivity-based and acoustic borehole imaging tools and their resolution. Students select the appropriate imaging tool for a given borehole fluid and objective.

Lesson 3 • Dipmeter Tool Design and Data

Describes multi-arm pad tools that measure micro-resistivity at multiple azimuths. Students understand how correlation of pad curves yields dip and azimuth.

Lesson 4 • Structural Dip Interpretation

Separates structural dip from sedimentary and tectonic dip components. Students apply dip removal to reveal primary depositional fabric.

Lesson 1 • Fluid Typing with NMR

Uses diffusion editing and T1/T2 ratio contrasts to distinguish oil, gas, and water. Students design NMR acquisition sequences for fluid identification objectives.

Lesson 2 • NMR Physics and Relaxation Mechanisms

Explains proton polarisation, tipping pulse, and T1/T2 relaxation in porous media. Students connect relaxation time to pore size and surface-to-volume ratio.

Lesson 3 • T2 Distribution Interpretation

Reads T2 spectra to identify clay-bound, capillary-bound, and free-fluid porosity components. Students apply T2 cutoffs appropriate to the formation lithology.

Lesson 4 • NMR Permeability Estimation

Applies Timur-Coates and SDR permeability transforms to NMR data. Students calibrate NMR permeability against core measurements for field-specific accuracy.

Lesson 1 • Formation Evaluation Reporting

Structures a professional petrophysical report with summary tables, composite logs, and uncertainty statements. Students communicate results to geoscience and engineering audiences.

Lesson 2 • Net Pay Determination

Applies porosity, saturation, and shale volume cutoffs to identify productive intervals. Students justify cutoff selection using core and production data.

Lesson 3 • Petrophysical Model Construction

Assembles lithology, porosity, and saturation results into a consistent zone-by-zone model. Students resolve conflicts between tools using a defined hierarchy of evidence.

Lesson 4 • Log-to-Core Calibration

Aligns core depth to log depth and validates log-derived porosity and permeability against core measurements. Students identify and explain systematic offsets.