Endoscopic Techniques Course

Lesson 1 • Patient Preparation and Monitoring

Covers pre-procedure assessment, bowel preparation, and intra-procedure monitoring standards. Ensures learners can prepare patients safely before any scope is introduced.

Lesson 2 • Endoscopy Unit Environment

Describes the physical layout, staffing roles, and workflow of a standard endoscopy suite. Orients learners to the team-based context in which all procedures occur.

Lesson 3 • Gastrointestinal Anatomy Review

Covers luminal anatomy from esophagus to rectum with emphasis on endoscopically relevant landmarks. Provides the structural map used throughout all subsequent procedural chapters.

Lesson 4 • Indications and Contraindications

Defines clinical criteria that justify or preclude endoscopic procedures. Connects patient selection to procedural safety and outcome optimisation.

Lesson 1 • Endoscope Design and Components

Explains the mechanical and optical architecture of flexible endoscopes. Understanding component function enables correct operation and early fault detection.

Lesson 2 • Simulator and Box Trainer Practice

Structures deliberate practice on mechanical and virtual simulators before live procedures. Simulation metrics guide skill progression and readiness assessment.

Lesson 3 • Scope Handling and Torque Skills

Develops the hand-eye coordination needed to advance, withdraw, and torque the scope efficiently. These mechanical skills underpin every subsequent procedural technique.

Lesson 4 • Accessories and Instrument Channels

Familiarises learners with biopsy forceps, snares, and injection needles passed through the working channel. Correct accessory selection and passage are foundational to therapeutic work.

Lesson 1 • Duodenal Intubation and Inspection

Teaches pyloric negotiation and advancement into the second duodenum. Complete duodenal inspection is required for diagnosis of peptic and malabsorptive disease.

Lesson 2 • Esophageal Intubation Technique

Teaches safe passage of the scope through the upper esophageal sphincter under direct vision. Correct intubation prevents perforation and sets the stage for complete examination.

Lesson 3 • Gastric Examination and Retroflexion

Covers complete gastric inspection including the fundus via retroflexion maneuver. Retroflexion is essential for detecting lesions hidden from the forward view.

Lesson 4 • Systematic Esophageal Examination

Establishes a structured inspection protocol for the entire esophageal lumen. Systematic coverage ensures no pathology is missed during withdrawal.

Lesson 1 • Hepatic Flexure and Cecal Intubation

Teaches navigation through the hepatic flexure and confirmation of cecal intubation. Verified cecal intubation is the primary quality metric for colonoscopy.

Lesson 2 • Colonic Biopsy and Tissue Sampling

Applies biopsy technique to colonic lesions and protocol-based sampling for inflammatory disease. Accurate sampling guides histopathologic diagnosis and surveillance planning.

Lesson 3 • Rectal Insertion and Sigmoid Navigation

Establishes safe anal canal entry and techniques for traversing the sigmoid colon. Sigmoid navigation is the most technically demanding segment for novice endoscopists.

Lesson 4 • Advancing Through the Left Colon

Covers navigation from the descending colon through the splenic flexure to the transverse colon. Flexure negotiation requires specific angulation and torque combinations.

Lesson 1 • Complication Recognition and Management

Identifies and manages perforation, immediate bleeding, and post-polypectomy syndrome. Early recognition and endoscopic management prevent escalation to surgical intervention.

Lesson 2 • Cold Snare Polypectomy

Teaches cold snare technique for safe removal of small and diminutive polyps without electrosurgery. Cold snare is the preferred method for polyps up to 9 mm.

Lesson 3 • Polyp Classification and Risk Assessment

Applies validated classification systems to characterise polyp morphology and predict histology. Accurate classification drives resection strategy and surveillance interval decisions.

Lesson 4 • Hot Snare and Electrosurgical Polypectomy

Covers electrosurgical current settings and hot snare technique for larger pedunculated and sessile polyps. Correct current selection minimises thermal injury and delayed bleeding.

Lesson 1 • Thermal and Variceal Band Ligation

Covers contact thermal probes, argon plasma coagulation, and variceal band ligation technique. Thermal and ligation methods address lesions where injection alone is insufficient.

Lesson 2 • Classification of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Applies risk stratification scores and endoscopic stigmata classification to guide management decisions. Accurate classification determines urgency, technique selection, and re-bleeding risk.

Lesson 3 • Enteral Stenting and Dilation

Introduces balloon dilation and self-expanding metal stent placement for luminal obstruction. These techniques restore luminal patency in malignant and benign strictures.

Lesson 4 • Injection Therapy Techniques

Covers epinephrine injection and sclerosant use for hemostasis and variceal obliteration. Injection therapy is often the first-line maneuver in active bleeding scenarios.

Lesson 1 • ESD Knife Selection and Technique

Covers the range of ESD knives and their application in mucosal incision and submucosal dissection. Knife selection and technique adaptation are critical for safe dissection.

Lesson 2 • Principles of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Establishes the conceptual framework and indications for ESD versus EMR. Understanding when ESD is required prevents under-treatment of early neoplasia.

Lesson 3 • ESD in Challenging Locations

Addresses technical adaptations for ESD in the cardia, rectum, and right colon. Location-specific challenges require modified positioning and traction strategies.

Lesson 4 • Quality Assessment of Resection Specimens

Teaches specimen pinning, orientation, and pathologic correlation to determine resection completeness. Accurate specimen assessment determines the need for additional treatment.

Lesson 1 • Medicolegal and Ethical Considerations

Addresses documentation standards, consent processes, and ethical obligations in endoscopic practice. Sound medicolegal practice protects both patients and practitioners.

Lesson 2 • Adverse Event Recognition and Reporting

Establishes a systematic approach to identifying, grading, and reporting procedural adverse events. Transparent reporting drives system-level safety improvements.

Lesson 3 • Continuous Quality Improvement Programmes

Designs and implements endoscopy unit quality improvement cycles using audit data. Systematic improvement programmes reduce variation and elevate unit-wide performance.

Lesson 4 • Competency-Based Training Frameworks

Applies structured assessment tools to document procedural competency progression. Competency frameworks replace case-number thresholds with performance-based milestones.