GPS and Compass Course

Lesson 1 • Understanding Maps and Scale

Introduces map types, scale ratios, and symbol interpretation as the entry point to navigation. Establishes the visual literacy needed for all subsequent map-based skills.

Lesson 2 • Terrain Association and Landforms

Teaches recognition of hills, valleys, ridges, and saddles on maps and in the field. Links map features to real terrain for accurate position estimation.

Lesson 3 • Coordinate Systems and Grids

Covers latitude/longitude, UTM, and grid reference systems used in field navigation. Provides the positional framework required for GPS and compass work.

Lesson 1 • Sources of Compass Error

Identifies magnetic interference, user handling errors, and environmental factors that degrade compass accuracy. Builds habits that minimize error before taking any bearing.

Lesson 2 • Magnetic Declination Explained

Explains the difference between magnetic north, true north, and grid north and why it matters. Students learn to apply declination corrections to avoid systematic navigation errors.

Lesson 3 • Types of Compasses and Their Uses

Surveys baseplate, lensatic, and mirror compasses, comparing accuracy and field applications. Sets the foundation for choosing the right tool for each navigation task.

Lesson 1 • Converting Between Bearing Types

Covers the arithmetic and diagram methods for converting magnetic, grid, and true bearings. Ensures accurate translation between map work and field compass use.

Lesson 2 • Measuring a Magnetic Bearing

Teaches the step-by-step process of sighting a landmark and reading a magnetic bearing accurately. This skill is the core compass technique applied in every subsequent navigation scenario.

Lesson 3 • Traveling on a Bearing

Develops the technique of maintaining a set bearing while moving through varied terrain. Students practice aiming-off, handrailing, and leapfrogging to stay on course.

Lesson 4 • Intersection to Locate Unknown Points

Teaches forward intersection to locate a distant feature or target from two known positions. Complements resection and expands positional awareness in the field.

Lesson 1 • Initial Setup and Configuration

Walks through powering on, setting coordinate format, datum, and units on a GPS receiver. Correct configuration prevents systematic positional errors from the start.

Lesson 2 • How GPS Works

Explains satellite constellation geometry, trilateration, and signal timing as the basis of GPS positioning. Provides the conceptual model needed to interpret receiver data critically.

Lesson 3 • GPS Receiver Types and Features

Surveys handheld, wrist-mounted, and vehicle GPS units, comparing accuracy, battery life, and mapping capability. Guides equipment selection for specific field tasks.

Lesson 1 • GoTo Navigation and Bearing Pointer

Introduces the GoTo function and bearing pointer as the simplest GPS navigation mode. Students learn when direct-to navigation is appropriate and how to interpret pointer behavior.

Lesson 2 • Recording and Using Track Logs

Explains automatic track recording, log settings, and how to retrace a path using a saved track. Track logs provide a safety net and a record of actual movement.

Lesson 3 • Planning Navigation with Digital Maps

Covers loading basemaps, planning routes on-screen, and syncing data between a GPS unit and mapping software. Bridges field GPS use with desktop pre-mission planning.

Lesson 4 • Building and Following Routes

Teaches sequential waypoint linking to create a route and activating turn-by-turn GPS guidance. Students practice route creation for both planned and improvised navigation.

Lesson 1 • Strengths and Limitations of Each Tool

Compares GPS and compass across accuracy, reliability, battery dependence, and terrain constraints. Establishes the rationale for always carrying and using both tools.

Lesson 2 • Transitioning Between GPS and Compass

Develops smooth handoff procedures when switching from GPS-led to compass-led navigation mid-route. Ensures continuity of navigation when technology fails or signal is lost.

Lesson 3 • Cross-Checking Position with Both Tools

Teaches methods for verifying a GPS fix using compass bearings and map terrain association. Builds critical evaluation habits that prevent navigation errors.

Lesson 4 • Pace Count and Dead Reckoning

Introduces pace count calibration and dead reckoning as a third navigation layer alongside GPS and compass. Provides distance tracking when neither tool gives reliable position.

Lesson 1 • Executing Navigation in the Field

Applies all prior skills in a continuous movement exercise with checkpoints, bearing changes, and GPS verification. Students develop real-time decision-making and error-correction habits.

Lesson 2 • Terrain Analysis for Route Selection

Teaches evaluation of slope, vegetation, water obstacles, and hazards to select the optimal route. Connects map reading skills to practical decision-making before departure.

Lesson 3 • Creating a Navigation Plan

Covers leg-by-leg route breakdown, checkpoint selection, time estimates, and contingency planning. A structured plan reduces decision load and error during field execution.

Lesson 4 • Recovering from Navigation Errors

Teaches systematic procedures for recognizing, stopping, and correcting navigation errors in the field. Builds the mental discipline to avoid compounding mistakes under pressure.

Lesson 1 • Mountain and High-Altitude Navigation

Addresses slope navigation, ridge walking, and GPS elevation accuracy in mountainous terrain. Students learn to use contour interpretation as a primary navigation tool.

Lesson 2 • Time-Constrained Navigation

Develops speed-accuracy trade-offs and rapid decision-making for time-critical navigation tasks. Students practice abbreviated planning cycles and fast bearing acquisition.

Lesson 3 • Navigation in Degraded GPS Environments

Prepares students for GPS jamming, spoofing, and signal denial by reinforcing compass and map skills. Builds resilience so navigation continues effectively without satellite support.

Lesson 4 • Navigation in Dense Vegetation

Adapts bearing and GPS techniques for jungle, forest, and thick brush where sightlines are short. Students develop micro-navigation skills for high-obstruction environments.