Industrial Cybersecurity Course

Lesson 1 • ICS and OT Architecture Overview

Maps the layers of industrial control systems from field devices to enterprise networks. Provides structural knowledge needed to analyse attack paths.

Lesson 2 • Industrial Protocols and Communications

Introduces serial and Ethernet-based protocols common in OT environments. Understanding these protocols is essential for traffic analysis and anomaly detection.

Lesson 3 • Industrial vs. IT Security Paradigms

Contrasts availability-first OT priorities with CIA-triad IT models. Sets the conceptual baseline for all subsequent threat and control discussions.

Lesson 4 • Threat Landscape for Industrial Systems

Surveys adversary categories, motivations, and documented attack patterns targeting OT. Grounds students in real-world risk before introducing defensive frameworks.

Lesson 1 • Baseline Traffic Profiling

Establishes normal communication patterns to enable anomaly detection. Baselines form the reference point for intrusion detection tuning in later chapters.

Lesson 2 • Network Topology Mapping

Techniques for documenting logical and physical OT network layouts. Accurate topology maps expose segmentation gaps and unmanaged connections.

Lesson 3 • Building and Maintaining Asset Registers

Defines required data fields and lifecycle management for OT asset records. A maintained register enables risk prioritisation and change management.

Lesson 1 • Vulnerability Identification and Analysis

Methods for identifying vulnerabilities in OT assets without disrupting operations. Findings feed directly into risk register entries and remediation planning.

Lesson 2 • Threat and Consequence Modeling

Structures threat scenarios tied to physical and operational consequences. Consequence modelling differentiates OT risk from standard IT risk calculations.

Lesson 3 • OT Risk Assessment Frameworks

Compares consequence-driven OT risk models with traditional IT likelihood-impact matrices. Framework selection directly shapes assessment scope and output quality.

Lesson 4 • Continuous Risk Monitoring

Establishes processes for keeping risk assessments current as environments change. Ongoing monitoring prevents risk registers from becoming stale compliance artefacts.

Lesson 1 • Demilitarised Zone Architecture

Covers DMZ placement between OT and IT networks to control data exchange. The DMZ is the primary control point for cross-boundary communication.

Lesson 2 • Firewall and Access Control Design

Applies firewall rule design principles to OT protocol-aware enforcement points. Correct rule design blocks unauthorised traffic without disrupting control loops.

Lesson 3 • Segmentation Validation and Testing

Methods for verifying that implemented segmentation matches the intended design. Validation closes the gap between documented architecture and actual enforcement.

Lesson 4 • Zone and Conduit Concepts

Introduces IEC 62443 zone and conduit model as the architectural foundation. Proper zone design limits lateral movement and contains breach impact.

Lesson 1 • Authentication Controls for OT

Covers authentication mechanisms appropriate for OT devices and operator workflows. Proper authentication prevents unauthorised command execution on control systems.

Lesson 2 • Identity and Access Management in OT

Adapts enterprise IAM principles to OT constraints such as shared accounts and legacy systems. Strong identity controls limit the blast radius of compromised credentials.

Lesson 3 • Patch and Vulnerability Management

Structures a patch management process that balances security with OT availability requirements. Unpatched systems are the most common entry point in OT compromises.

Lesson 4 • Removable Media and Supply Chain Controls

Addresses risks from USB media, portable devices, and third-party software in OT. Supply chain and media controls prevent malware introduction at physical access points.

Lesson 1 • Cloud Connectivity for OT Data

Evaluates architectures for securely transmitting OT data to cloud analytics platforms. Cloud integration must not create inbound pathways that bypass OT security zones.

Lesson 2 • Industrial IoT Security Considerations

Addresses security challenges introduced by IIoT sensors, gateways, and edge devices. IIoT expands the OT attack surface and requires device-level and network-level controls.

Lesson 3 • Secure Configuration of Remote Tools

Hardens remote desktop, engineering software, and vendor portals used in OT. Misconfigured remote tools are a persistent source of unauthorised OT access.

Lesson 4 • Vendor and Third-Party Access Management

Controls access granted to OEM vendors, integrators, and maintenance contractors. Third-party access without proper controls has caused major OT security incidents.

Lesson 1 • OT Incident Response Procedures

Adapts the incident response lifecycle to OT constraints including safety and uptime. Structured procedures reduce response time and limit operational impact during incidents.

Lesson 2 • Intrusion Detection for Industrial Networks

Configures OT-aware intrusion detection systems using protocol and behaviour analysis. Detection rules built on baselines established in earlier chapters reduce false positives.

Lesson 3 • Forensics and Post-Incident Analysis

Covers forensic data collection and root cause analysis specific to OT environments. Post-incident findings drive control improvements and prevent recurrence.

Lesson 4 • Security Event Triage and Analysis

Develops analyst skills for triaging OT security alerts with operational context. Effective triage prevents unnecessary shutdowns while ensuring real threats are escalated.

Lesson 1 • Security Metrics and Reporting

Develops KPIs and KRIs that communicate OT security posture to technical and executive audiences. Meaningful metrics drive accountability and justify security programme investment.

Lesson 2 • Security Maturity Assessment

Applies maturity models to measure current OT security programme capability levels. Maturity scores guide investment prioritisation and roadmap sequencing.

Lesson 3 • Security Awareness and Training Programmes

Designs role-specific training for operators, engineers, and managers in OT environments. Human error remains a leading cause of OT security incidents requiring targeted education.

Lesson 4 • Roadmap and Continuous Improvement

Structures a multi-year OT security improvement roadmap tied to risk reduction outcomes. Continuous improvement ensures the programme adapts to evolving threats and operational changes.