Optometry Course

Lesson 1 • Ocular Anatomy and Structures

Covers the gross and microscopic anatomy of the eye and orbit. Provides the structural baseline required for understanding pathology and clinical examination.

Lesson 2 • Geometric and Physical Optics

Introduces refraction, reflection, and lens behaviour governing image formation. Underpins all refractive and optical correction concepts.

Lesson 3 • Ocular Embryology and Development

Traces eye formation from optic vesicle to mature structure. Explains congenital anomalies encountered in clinical practice.

Lesson 1 • Contact Lens Optics

Analyses how contact lenses correct refractive error at the corneal plane. Prepares students for contact lens fitting covered in later chapters.

Lesson 2 • Optical Instruments and Measurement

Explains the optics of lensometers, keratometers, and autorefractors. Enables accurate instrument use in clinical examination chapters.

Lesson 3 • Refractive Errors and Classification

Defines myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia with their optical mechanisms. Establishes the diagnostic categories used throughout clinical chapters.

Lesson 1 • Anterior Segment Examination

Applies slit-lamp biomicroscopy to evaluate lids, conjunctiva, cornea, and lens. Findings are graded using standardised clinical scales.

Lesson 2 • Posterior Segment Examination

Uses direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus lenses to evaluate the retina and optic nerve. Findings are recorded with standardised notation.

Lesson 3 • Intraocular Pressure Measurement

Compares tonometry methods and their clinical accuracy. Accurate IOP measurement is essential for glaucoma screening covered later.

Lesson 4 • Visual Field Testing

Introduces confrontation, Amsler grid, and automated perimetry methods. Connects field defect patterns to neurological and retinal pathology.

Lesson 1 • Prescription Analysis and Dispensing

Interprets prescription notation, transposition, and optical cross. Ensures prescriptions are dispensed accurately and meet patient needs.

Lesson 2 • Special Refraction Populations

Adapts refraction techniques for paediatric, low-vision, and aphakic patients. Addresses challenges not covered by standard adult refraction protocols.

Lesson 3 • Subjective Refraction Procedure

Guides the monocular and binocular subjective refraction sequence using the phoropter. Systematic steps ensure maximum plus to maximum visual acuity.

Lesson 1 • Soft Lens Fitting and Evaluation

Applies fitting principles for spherical, toric, and multifocal soft lenses. Slit-lamp evaluation confirms optimal fit before dispensing.

Lesson 2 • Contact Lens Candidacy and Selection

Evaluates patient suitability based on ocular health, lifestyle, and refractive needs. Proper candidate selection reduces complication risk.

Lesson 3 • Contact Lens Complications

Identifies and manages corneal hypoxia, infiltrates, GPC, and lens-related dry eye. Early recognition prevents vision-threatening outcomes.

Lesson 4 • Lens Care and Patient Education

Instructs patients on cleaning, disinfection, and safe wear schedules. Compliance with care routines is the primary defence against infection.

Lesson 1 • Systemic Disease and the Eye

Examines ocular manifestations of diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disease, and autoimmune conditions. Optometrists often detect systemic disease through ocular signs.

Lesson 2 • Neuro-Ophthalmic Conditions

Identifies optic neuropathies, cranial nerve palsies, and visual pathway lesions. Connects field defect patterns to neuroanatomical localisation.

Lesson 3 • Glaucoma Diagnosis and Management

Integrates IOP, optic nerve, and visual field data to diagnose and monitor glaucoma. Covers primary open-angle, angle-closure, and secondary forms.

Lesson 4 • Retinal and Macular Diseases

Diagnoses diabetic retinopathy, AMD, retinal detachment, and vascular occlusions. Posterior segment examination skills are applied to real pathology.

Lesson 1 • Binocular Vision Fundamentals

Defines vergence, accommodation, and sensory fusion as the basis of binocular vision. Establishes the framework for diagnosing binocular disorders.

Lesson 2 • Amblyopia Detection and Treatment

Identifies anisometropic, strabismic, and deprivation amblyopia and prescribes evidence-based treatment. Early intervention maximises visual recovery.

Lesson 3 • Vergence and Accommodative Disorders

Diagnoses convergence insufficiency, divergence excess, and accommodative dysfunction. Vision therapy and optical management are compared.

Lesson 4 • Paediatric Eye Examination

Adapts examination techniques for infants, toddlers, and school-age children. Covers vision screening programmes and referral criteria.

Lesson 1 • Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Making

Applies research appraisal skills to clinical guidelines and landmark optometric studies. Bridges scientific literature and daily patient management.

Lesson 2 • Electrodiagnostic Testing

Introduces ERG, VEP, and EOG as objective measures of retinal and visual pathway function. Indicates when electrodiagnostics supplement clinical findings.

Lesson 3 • Ocular Imaging Technologies

Covers OCT, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and corneal topography. Imaging findings are correlated with clinical examination data.

Lesson 4 • Pharmacology in Optometric Practice

Reviews diagnostic and therapeutic agents used in optometry including cycloplegics, glaucoma drops, and anti-infectives. Emphasises safe prescribing and contraindications.