Oil Storage & Handling Course

Lesson 1 • Flammability and Explosion Hazards

Defines flammable and combustible liquid classes and their explosive limits. Establishes the hazard baseline used in all subsequent safety chapters.

Lesson 2 • Regulatory and Standards Framework

Introduces the hierarchy of international standards, national codes, and operator procedures governing storage. Students understand how regulations translate into facility design requirements.

Lesson 3 • Petroleum Product Classification

Covers crude oil, refined products, and petrochemicals by boiling range and use. Provides the product taxonomy referenced throughout the course.

Lesson 1 • Pressurized and Cryogenic Storage

Addresses spherical and bullet tanks for LPG and cryogenic vessels for LNG and refrigerated products. Highlights pressure containment and insulation design principles.

Lesson 2 • Atmospheric Fixed-Roof Tanks

Covers cone-roof and dome-roof tank construction, venting, and typical product applications. Connects roof type to vapor loss and fire risk introduced in Chapter 1.

Lesson 3 • Tank Materials and Corrosion Allowances

Reviews carbon steel, stainless steel, and coated materials for tank construction. Teaches how corrosion allowance calculations affect wall thickness and inspection intervals.

Lesson 4 • Floating-Roof Tank Systems

Explains external and internal floating roofs, seals, and pontoon design. Demonstrates how floating roofs reduce evaporative losses for volatile products.

Lesson 1 • Tank Spacing and Separation Distances

Applies standards-based rules for shell-to-shell and tank-to-boundary spacing. Demonstrates how product class and tank diameter determine minimum distances.

Lesson 2 • Bund and Dike Design

Explains secondary containment sizing, bund wall construction, and freeboard requirements. Connects containment capacity to spill volume and firefighting water management.

Lesson 3 • Drainage and Stormwater Management

Addresses segregated drainage systems, oil-water separators, and stormwater quality control. Links drainage design to environmental protection requirements.

Lesson 4 • Site Selection and Risk Zoning

Covers proximity to populated areas, flood plains, and seismic zones. Establishes how site risk drives layout decisions addressed in subsequent sections.

Lesson 1 • Temperature and Density Measurement

Covers spot and average temperature sensors, densitometers, and sampling for density. Connects temperature and density data to volume correction calculations.

Lesson 2 • Pressure and Vacuum Monitoring

Explains pressure transmitters, vacuum breakers, and high-pressure alarms for fixed-roof and pressurized tanks. Ties pressure monitoring to venting system design.

Lesson 3 • Tank Farm Automation and SCADA

Introduces supervisory control and data acquisition systems for centralized tank monitoring. Explains alarm management, data historian use, and remote operation capabilities.

Lesson 4 • Tank Overfill Prevention Systems

Covers independent high-level switches, overfill prevention logic, and proof-testing requirements. Demonstrates the safety instrumented system layer concept.

Lesson 1 • Pump Types and Selection

Compares centrifugal, positive-displacement, and submersible pumps for product transfer. Links pump selection to product viscosity and required flow rates.

Lesson 2 • Product Contamination Prevention

Addresses line flushing, interface detection, and segregation valve management to prevent product mixing. Explains quality sampling before and after transfers.

Lesson 3 • Pipeline Hydraulics and Flow Control

Explains pressure drop, flow velocity limits, and control valve operation in transfer lines. Connects hydraulic calculations to safe operating envelope definition.

Lesson 4 • Marine and Jetty Transfer Operations

Covers ship-to-shore hose and loading arm connections, pre-transfer checks, and communication protocols. Addresses vapor recovery and emergency shutdown at marine terminals.

Lesson 1 • Personal Protective Equipment and Confined Space Entry

Specifies PPE selection for chemical, thermal, and vapor hazards and covers confined space entry procedures. Connects PPE requirements to the product hazard classes from Chapter 1.

Lesson 2 • Firefighting Tactics for Tank Fires

Describes rim-seal fires, full-surface fires, and boilover events and the tactics used to combat each. Emphasizes coordination between facility teams and public fire services.

Lesson 3 • Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Applies HAZID, HAZOP, and bow-tie analysis to storage facility hazards. Builds the risk assessment skills needed to design and review safety controls.

Lesson 4 • Fixed Fire Detection and Suppression Systems

Covers heat and flame detectors, foam systems, and deluge systems for tank protection. Explains foam application rates and system activation logic.

Lesson 1 • Risk-Based Inspection Planning

Applies probability-of-failure and consequence-of-failure analysis to set inspection intervals. Demonstrates how RBI reduces cost while maintaining safety standards.

Lesson 2 • In-Service Inspection Techniques

Covers ultrasonic thickness measurement, acoustic emission testing, and magnetic flux leakage for in-service tanks. Explains how results trigger maintenance decisions.

Lesson 3 • Fitness-for-Service and Remaining Life Assessment

Applies fitness-for-service standards to evaluate corroded or deformed tank components. Teaches remaining life calculation to support run-repair-replace decisions.

Lesson 4 • Shell and Floor Repair Methods

Covers weld repair, insert plate installation, and floor replacement techniques for corroded tanks. Explains acceptance criteria and post-repair testing requirements.

Lesson 1 • Soil and Groundwater Protection

Explains liner systems, groundwater monitoring wells, and remediation triggers for contaminated sites. Links subsurface protection to long-term facility liability management.

Lesson 2 • Vapor Recovery and Control Systems

Covers vapor recovery units, vapor balancing, and carbon adsorption systems. Connects vapor control to both environmental compliance and product recovery value.

Lesson 3 • Evaporative Loss Mechanisms and Quantification

Explains breathing losses, working losses, and transit losses from fixed and floating-roof tanks. Teaches emission factor methods to estimate and report losses.

Lesson 4 • Spill Prevention and Response

Addresses spill prevention controls, spill response equipment staging, and notification procedures. Emphasizes rapid containment to minimize soil and water contamination.