Medical Pathology Course

Lesson 1 • Core Terminology and Disease Classification

Introduces standardized nomenclature for lesions, syndromes, and disease categories. Accurate terminology underpins all subsequent diagnostic reasoning.

Lesson 2 • History and Scope of Pathology

Traces pathology from ancient humoral theory to modern molecular diagnosis. Contextualizes the discipline's role within clinical medicine and research.

Lesson 3 • Intracellular Accumulations and Calcification

Covers abnormal deposits of lipids, proteins, glycogen, and minerals within cells and tissues. Links accumulation patterns to specific disease states.

Lesson 1 • Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Covers cell proliferation, stem cell roles, and growth factor signaling in repair. Distinguishes regeneration from scar formation across tissue types.

Lesson 2 • Acute Inflammation Mechanisms

Details vascular changes, leukocyte recruitment, and mediator release in acute inflammation. Forms the foundation for understanding all subsequent inflammatory pathology.

Lesson 3 • Chronic Inflammation and Granulomas

Examines persistent inflammation driven by macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Granuloma formation is linked to specific infectious and non-infectious etiologies.

Lesson 1 • Hemorrhage and Hemostasis

Covers normal hemostatic mechanisms and pathological bleeding from vessel, platelet, or coagulation defects. Morphological patterns of hemorrhage are classified.

Lesson 2 • Edema and Fluid Compartments

Explains Starling forces, lymphatic drainage, and mechanisms producing localized or systemic edema. Connects fluid shifts to cardiac, renal, and hepatic disease.

Lesson 3 • Embolism, Infarction, and Shock

Analyzes embolic types, infarct morphology, and shock pathophysiology across organ systems. Integrates hemodynamic concepts into systemic disease patterns.

Lesson 1 • Autoimmune Disease Mechanisms

Explores loss of self-tolerance, molecular mimicry, and genetic susceptibility in autoimmunity. Systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases are compared.

Lesson 2 • Hypersensitivity Reactions

Classifies four hypersensitivity types by mechanism and effector pathway. Each type is linked to representative clinical diseases and tissue lesions.

Lesson 3 • Immunodeficiency Disorders

Distinguishes primary from secondary immunodeficiencies by affected immune component. Pathological consequences and opportunistic infection patterns are analyzed.

Lesson 1 • Tumor Microenvironment and Angiogenesis

Examines stromal cells, immune evasion, and angiogenic signaling that support tumor growth. Connects microenvironment features to prognosis and therapeutic targets.

Lesson 2 • Carcinogenesis and Risk Factors

Analyzes chemical, radiation, viral, and hereditary carcinogens and their mechanisms of DNA damage. Identifies modifiable and non-modifiable cancer risk factors.

Lesson 3 • Molecular Basis of Cancer

Covers oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair defects, and epigenetic alterations driving malignant transformation. Links molecular events to morphological changes.

Lesson 4 • Invasion, Metastasis, and Staging

Details the metastatic cascade from local invasion to distant colonization. Grading and staging systems are applied to predict clinical behavior.

Lesson 1 • Pulmonary Infections and Vascular Disease

Examines lobar, broncho-, and atypical pneumonia patterns alongside pulmonary hypertension and embolism. Integrates vascular and infectious pathology in the lung.

Lesson 2 • Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Heart Disease

Traces atherosclerotic plaque development from fatty streak to complicated lesion. Links plaque rupture to acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction morphology.

Lesson 3 • Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Disease

Distinguishes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and bronchiectasis from restrictive patterns. Morphological features are correlated with pulmonary function changes.

Lesson 4 • Valvular and Pericardial Disease

Covers stenosis, regurgitation, and infective endocarditis with their morphological substrates. Pericarditis types and effusion consequences are also examined.

Lesson 1 • Liver Pathology: Injury and Cirrhosis

Examines hepatocellular injury patterns, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cirrhosis. Fibrosis staging and portal hypertension consequences are covered.

Lesson 2 • Renal Glomerular and Tubular Disease

Classifies glomerulonephritis by immune mechanism and morphological pattern. Tubular injury, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease are also examined.

Lesson 3 • Gastrointestinal Mucosal Diseases

Covers peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and malabsorption syndromes. Mucosal biopsy interpretation is central to this section.

Lesson 4 • Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Analyzes adenoma-carcinoma sequence, gastric cancer subtypes, and colorectal cancer staging. Molecular pathways driving GI malignancy are highlighted.

Lesson 1 • Histological Staining Methods

Reviews hematoxylin-eosin staining and special stains for connective tissue, microorganisms, and deposits. Stain selection is linked to diagnostic questions.

Lesson 2 • Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence

Explains antibody-based tissue labeling for tumor markers, infectious agents, and immune deposits. Controls, pitfalls, and interpretation criteria are addressed.

Lesson 3 • Autopsy and Intraoperative Pathology

Describes frozen section technique, gross examination protocols, and autopsy methodology. Intraoperative consultation decision-making is practiced through case scenarios.

Lesson 4 • Cytopathology and Fine Needle Aspiration

Introduces cytological preparations, adequacy assessment, and diagnostic criteria for common sites. Correlates cytological findings with histological diagnoses.