Diabetes Mellitus Care Course

Lesson 1 • Pathophysiology of Hyperglycemia

Explains how insulin deficiency and resistance produce chronic hyperglycemia. Links cellular dysfunction to the clinical signs observed in patients.

Lesson 2 • Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Function

Covers normal glucose homeostasis and insulin's role in cellular uptake. Provides the metabolic baseline needed to understand how diabetes disrupts physiology.

Lesson 3 • Epidemiology and Global Burden

Examines prevalence trends, risk factors, and population disparities in diabetes. Contextualizes clinical practice within the broader public health landscape.

Lesson 1 • Prediabetes Identification and Staging

Defines impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance as prediabetic states. Early identification enables preventive intervention before progression to full diabetes.

Lesson 2 • Differential Diagnosis Considerations

Distinguishes diabetes from other hyperglycemic conditions and mimicking disorders. Prevents misclassification that would lead to inappropriate treatment pathways.

Lesson 3 • Population Screening Strategies

Covers risk-based and universal screening approaches across clinical settings. Selecting the right strategy maximizes detection while minimizing unnecessary testing.

Lesson 4 • Laboratory Test Interpretation

Teaches accurate reading of glucose panels, HbA1c reports, and lipid profiles. Correct interpretation directly informs diagnosis and treatment planning.

Lesson 1 • Individualized Glycemic Target Setting

Applies patient factors—age, comorbidities, hypoglycemia risk—to set appropriate targets. Personalized targets reduce harm while maintaining meaningful glycemic control.

Lesson 2 • Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

Teaches correct SMBG technique, frequency, and structured testing patterns. Accurate self-monitoring data is the foundation of day-to-day glycemic management.

Lesson 3 • Time-in-Range and Advanced Metrics

Introduces time-in-range, time-below-range, and glucose variability as modern metrics. These measures complement HbA1c and reveal patterns invisible to traditional monitoring.

Lesson 4 • Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems

Covers CGM sensor technology, calibration, and real-time trend interpretation. CGM provides richer data than SMBG for optimizing insulin and lifestyle decisions.

Lesson 1 • Injectable Non-Insulin Agents

Covers GLP-1 receptor agonists and their cardiovascular and weight benefits. These agents are increasingly central to modern Type 2 diabetes management.

Lesson 2 • Oral Antidiabetic Drug Classes

Examines metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, and other oral agents by mechanism. Drug class knowledge enables evidence-based selection for individual patients.

Lesson 3 • SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Practice

Explains renal glucose excretion mechanism and cardiorenal protective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors. Appropriate use requires understanding both benefits and safety risks.

Lesson 4 • Combination Therapy and Intensification

Guides stepwise treatment intensification and rational drug combinations. Prevents therapeutic inertia while avoiding polypharmacy-related adverse effects.

Lesson 1 • Alcohol, Smoking, and Lifestyle Factors

Examines the effects of alcohol, tobacco, and sleep on glycemic control. Addressing these factors is essential for comprehensive lifestyle-based diabetes management.

Lesson 2 • Medical Nutrition Therapy Principles

Covers macronutrient distribution, carbohydrate quality, and caloric goals for diabetes. Nutrition therapy is a primary treatment tool, not merely an adjunct to medication.

Lesson 3 • Weight Management Strategies

Addresses caloric deficit approaches, behavioral strategies, and weight loss targets. Even modest weight loss produces clinically significant improvements in glycemic control.

Lesson 4 • Dietary Patterns and Evidence

Compares Mediterranean, low-carbohydrate, DASH, and plant-based dietary patterns. Evidence-based pattern selection allows individualized dietary counseling.

Lesson 1 • Hypoglycemia Recognition and Treatment

Defines hypoglycemia severity levels and outlines the 15-15 rule and glucagon use. Prompt recognition and treatment prevent neurological injury and patient harm.

Lesson 2 • Diabetic Ketoacidosis Diagnosis

Covers DKA diagnostic criteria including ketosis, acidosis, and hyperglycemia triad. Accurate diagnosis is the prerequisite for initiating correct inpatient management.

Lesson 3 • Inpatient Glycemic Management

Addresses glucose targets, insulin protocols, and monitoring for hospitalized patients. Hospital hyperglycemia worsens outcomes and requires structured management regardless of admission cause.

Lesson 4 • DKA Treatment Protocols

Details fluid resuscitation, insulin infusion, and electrolyte replacement in DKA. Protocol adherence reduces complications such as cerebral edema and hypokalemia.

Lesson 1 • Diabetic Neuropathy Assessment

Teaches peripheral and autonomic neuropathy screening using validated clinical tools. Neuropathy detection guides pain management and foot care interventions.

Lesson 2 • Diabetic Foot Care and Ulcer Prevention

Covers foot risk classification, inspection techniques, and ulcer prevention strategies. Structured foot care programs significantly reduce amputation rates.

Lesson 3 • Diabetic Nephropathy Management

Covers albuminuria staging, eGFR monitoring, and renoprotective therapy selection. Early nephropathy intervention slows progression to end-stage renal disease.

Lesson 4 • Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Care

Defines retinopathy stages and outlines screening intervals and treatment thresholds. Timely ophthalmology referral prevents vision loss in high-risk patients.

Lesson 1 • Diabetes Care in Older Adults

Adapts glycemic targets, medication selection, and monitoring for geriatric patients. Hypoglycemia risk and functional decline require individualized, conservative management.

Lesson 2 • Diabetes in Pregnancy and Gestational Care

Covers gestational diabetes screening, insulin use in pregnancy, and postpartum follow-up. Tight glycemic control during pregnancy reduces fetal and maternal complications.

Lesson 3 • Diabetes and Comorbid Mental Health

Examines the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and depression, anxiety, and distress. Addressing mental health improves self-management adherence and glycemic outcomes.

Lesson 4 • Diabetes Management in Children and Adolescents

Addresses Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in youth, including growth-related dosing adjustments. Pediatric management requires age-appropriate education and family involvement.